Cacti are able to survive in the desert because they have special abilities that let them conserve the little water that they get, for a long time. One thing that helps, are the prickly spines. These are actually highly modified leaves which reduce the loss of water by restricting air flow near the cactus. These spines also prevent plant-eating animals to eat the cacti. Cacti also have specialized stems that allow them to store water for a long time.
Links:
http:// wonderopolis.org/wonder/how-does-a-cactus-live-without-water/
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